[1] Aku bersumpah dengan negeri (Makkah) ini; [2] Sedang engkau (wahai Muhammad) tinggal di negeri ini (sentiasa ditindas), [3] Demi manusia yang melahirkan zuriat, dan zuriat yang dilahirkannya; [4] Sesungguhnya Kami telah jadikan manusia sentiasa dalam keadaan menghadapi kesulitan dan kesukaran (jasmani dan rohaninya); [5] Patutkah manusia yang demikian keadaannya (terpedaya dengan kekuasaan yang ada padanya dan) menyangka bahawa tidak ada sesiapapun yang dapat mengatasi kekuasaannya (dan menyeksakannya)? [6] Manusia yang demikian keadaannya (tidaklah patut ia bermegah-megah dengan kekayaannya dan) berkata: "Aku telah habiskan harta benda yang banyak (dalam usaha menegakkan nama dan bangsa). [7] Adakah ia menyangka bahawa tidak ada sesiapapun yang melihatnya (dan mengetahui tujuannya menghabiskan harta bendanya itu? [8] (Mengapa manusia terpedaya dan bermegah-megah?) Tidakkah Kami telah menjadikan baginya: dua mata (untuk ia memerhatikan kekuasaan dan kekayaan Kami?) - [9] Dan lidah serta dua bibir (untuk ia menyempurnakan sebahagian besar dari hajat-hajatnya)? [10 Dan Kami telah menunjukkan kepadanya dua jalan, (jalan kebaikan untuk dijalaninya, dan jalan kejahatan untuk dijauhi)? [11] Dalam pada itu manusia tidak (memilih jalan kebaikan) merempuh masuk mengerjakan amal-amal yang tinggi darjatnya di sisi Tuhan; [12] Dan apa jalannya engkau dapat mengetahui: apa dia amal-amal yang tinggi darjatnya di sisi Tuhan itu? [13] (Di antara amal-amal itu - bagi orang yang mampu) ialah: memerdekakan hamba abdi; [14] Atau memberi makan pada hari kelaparan - [15] Kepada anak yatim dari kaum kerabat, [16] Atau kepada orang miskin yang terlantar di atas tanah. [17] Selain dari (tidak mengerjakan amal-amal) itu, ia (tidak pula) menjadi dari orang-orang yang beriman dan berpesan-pesan dengan sabar serta berpesan-pesan dengan kasih sayang. [18] (Ketahuilah! Bahawa orang-orang yang beriman serta berusaha mengerjakan amal-amal yang tinggi darjatnya di sisi Tuhan), merekalah golongan pihak kanan (yang akan beroleh Syurga). [19] Dan (sebaliknya) orang-orang yang kufur ingkar akan ayat-ayat keterangan Kami, merekalah golongan pihak kiri. - [20] Mereka ditimpakan (azab seksa) neraka yang ditutup rapat (supaya kuat bakarannya).
Balad
Name
The Sura has been so named after the word al balad in the first verse.
Period of Revelation
Its subject matter and style resemble those of the earliest Surahs revealed at Makkah, but it contains a pointer which indicates that it was sent down in the period when the disbelievers of Makkah had resolved to oppose the Holy Prophet (upon whom be Allah's peace), and made it lawful for themselves to commit tyranny and excess against him.
Theme and Subject Matter
In this Surah a vast subject has been compressed into a few brief sentences, and it is a miracle of the Quran that a complete ideology of life which could hardly be explained in a thick volume has been abridged most effectively in brief sentences of this short Surah. Its theme is to explain the true position of man in the world and of the world in relation to man and to tell that God has shown to man both the highways of good and evil, has also provided for him the means to judge and see and follow them, and now it rests upon man's own effort and judgement whether he chooses the path of virtue and reaches felicity or adopts the path of vice and meets with doom.
First, the city of Makkah and the hardships being faced therein by the Holy Prophet (upon whom be peace) and the state of the children of Adam have been cited as a witness to the truth that this world is not a place of rest and ease for man, where he might have been born to enjoy life, but here he has been created into toil and struggle. If this theme is read with verse 39 of Surah An-Najm (Laisa lil insani illa ma saa: there is nothing for man but what he has striven for), it becomes plain that in this world the future of man depends on his toil and struggle, effort and striving.
After this, man's misunderstanding that he is all in all in this world and that there is no superior power to watch what he does and to call him to account, has been refuted.
Then, taking one of the many moral concepts of ignorance held by man, as an example, it has been pointed out what wrong criteria of merit and greatness he has proposed for himself in the world. The person who for ostentation and display squanders heaps of wealth, not only himself prides upon his extravagances but the people also admire him for it enthusiastically, whereas the Being Who is watching over his deeds, sees by what methods he obtained the wealth and in what ways and with what motives and intention he spent it.
Then Allah says: We have given man the means of knowledge and the faculties of thinking and understanding and opened up before him both the highways of virtue and vice: one way leads down to moral depravity, and it is an easy way pleasing for the self; the other way leads up to moral heights, which is steep like an uphill road, for scaling which man has to exercise self- restraint. It is man's weakness that he prefers slipping down into the abyss to scaling the cliff.
Then, Allah has explained what the steep road is by following which man can ascend to the heights. It is that he should give up spending for ostentation, display and pride and should spend his wealth to help the orphans and the needy, should believe in Allah and His Religion and joining the company of believers should participate in the construction of a society which should fulfil the demands of virtue and righteousness patiently and should be compassionate to the people. The end of those who follow this way is that they would become worthy of Allah's mercies. On the contrary, the end of those who follow the wrong way, is the fire of Hell from which there is no escape.
